|
Biblio |
Nom latin :chenopodium quinoa Noms français : quinoa, ansérine quinoa, riz du
Pérou, petit riz du Pérou. Nom anglais :quinoa. |
|
photo : http://home.worldonline.dk/garrido/chenopodium/quinoa.htm |
Plante
annuelle ou vivace, de 0,6 à 0,8 m, fortement pileuse. Source : http://www.hippocratus.com/pages/detail_plante.asp?ID=che002 |
|
Etymologie Histoire
photo : http://www.bo.ird.fr/ |
Origine
: Etats-Unis, Mexique Source : http://www.hippocratus.com/pages/detail_plante.asp?ID=che002 Quinoa est le nom de la plante en langue quechua. Cette culture traditionnelle des hauts plateaux
d'Amérique du Sud a été redécouverte récemment. Comme le haricot, la pomme de
terre et le maïs, elle était à la base de l'alimentation des civilisations
précolombiennes, mais, contrairement à ces dernières, elle n'a pas retenu
l'attention des conquérants espagnols à cause de sa teneur en saponine qui la
rend amère sans traitement et du fait que la farine qui en est tirée n'est
pas panifiable. Source : http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chenopodium_quinoa |
|
Localisation Origine |
Céréale secondaire qui supporte l'altitude, l'ansérine
quinoa est cultivée essentiellement dans les pays andins Source : http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/faoinfo/economic/FAODEF/FAODEFF/H19F.HTM |
|
Propriétés Utilisations
photo : http://www.bo.ird.fr/ |
La
quinoa se fait remarquer du point de vue nutritionnel car il est riche en
protéines (14% il surpasse sur ce plan les autres céréales à l'exception du
blé), et est une bonne source de fer, calcium, phosphore et sélénium,
oligo-éléments, vitamines B et E, acides gras poly-insaturés et surtout en
acides aminés. C'est une des rares graines à contenir les 8 acides aminés
essentiels. Un produit de remplacement très intéressant pour les personnes
allergiques au gluten, car il n'en contient pas! L'expérience a montré que
toutes les personnes carencées par une alimentation dénaturée retrouve la
forme et plus d'endurance après avoir consommé du quinoa pendant quelques semaines.
La
consommation de quinoa est recommandée pour: -Complémenter
l'alimentation en acides aminés essentiels. -Renforcer
l'organisme. -Combattre la fatigue. Il n’y a pas de donné qui indiquerait que le gluten se trouve dans les plantes de cette famille. Il n’y a alors, pas de raison de se concerter sur l’utilisation du quinoa par les personnes atteintes de la maladie cœliaque. Un rapport non-documenté indique que le quinoa a été consommé sur une période de plusieurs mois par plusieurs personnes ayant la maladie cœliaque sans effet négatif . Le quinoa est un grain très nutritif et donc un alternatif très utile pour le blé, le seigle, l’orge, et l’avoine dans la diète des cœliaques. Il est notamment plus fort en protéines, gras, fibre, calcium et fer que la plupart des céréales. Son contenu relativement haut des acides lysinique et suphuraminique font qu’il est un bon supplément pour le riz, le maïs et les fèves soya. Le quinoa est réputé pour avoir une saveur de noix semblable à celle du riz sauvage. Source : http://www.celiac.ca/facceptability%20of%20grains.html |
|
De même famille
photo : http://fr.ekopedia.org/Quinoa |
Famille : Chenopodiaceae Genre : Chenopodium Autres espèces : |
|
Références |
[1-167] |
1. Fillhart, R.C., G.D. Bachand, and J.D.
Castello, Detection of Infectious
Tobamoviruses in Forest Soils. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1998. 64(4): p. 1430-1435.
2. Matousek,
J., et al., Complete nucleotide sequence
and molecular probing of potato virus S genome. Acta Virol, 2005. 49(3): p. 195-205.
3. Vigne,
E., et al., Characterization of a
naturally occurring recombinant isolate of Grapevine fanleaf virus. Arch
Virol, 2005. 150(11): p. 2241-2255.
4. Link,
D., et al., Functional characterization
of the Beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNA-5-encoded p26 protein: evidence for
structural pathogenicity determinants. J Gen Virol, 2005. 86(Pt 7): p. 2115-25.
5. Sasaki,
N., et al., Coat protein-independent
cell-to-cell movement of bromoviruses expressing brome mosaic virus movement
protein with an adaptation-related amino acid change in the central region.
Arch Virol, 2005. 150(6): p.
1231-40.
6. Takeda,
A., et al., Natural isolates of Brome
mosaic virus with the ability to move from cell to cell independently of coat
protein. J Gen Virol, 2005. 86(Pt
4): p. 1201-11.
7. Soleimani,
P., et al., Biological and molecular
characterization of lettuce mosaic virus from Tehran province in Iran.
Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci, 2004. 69(4):
p. 519-24.
8. Taiwo,
M.A. and J. Dijkstra, Properties of a
virus isolated from Vernonia amygdalina Del. in Lagos, Nigeria. Acta Virol,
2004. 48(4): p. 257-62.
9. Ratti,
C., et al., A multiplex RT-PCR assay
capable of distinguishing beet necrotic yellow vein virus types A and B. J
Virol Methods, 2005. 124(1-2): p.
41-7.
10. Shim, H.,
et al., Nucleotide sequences of a Korean
isolate of apple stem grooving virus associated with black necrotic leaf spot
disease on pear (Pyrus pyrifolia). Mol Cells, 2004. 18(2): p. 192-9.
11. Berti,
C., et al., In vitro starch digestibility
and in vivo glucose response of gluten-free foods and their gluten
counterparts. Eur J Nutr, 2004. 43(4): p. 198-204.
12. Maughan,
P.J., et al., A genetic linkage map of
quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa) based on AFLP, RAPD, and SSR markers. Theor
Appl Genet, 2004. 109(6): p.
1188-95.
13. Li, C.,
et al., Stable expression of foreign
proteins in herbaceous and apple plants using Apple latent spherical virus RNA2
vectors. Arch Virol, 2004. 149(8):
p. 1541-58.
14. Melgarejo,
T.A., et al., Strains of Peru tomato
virus infecting cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum), tomato and pepper in Peru with
reference to genome evolution in genus Potyvirus. Arch Virol, 2004. 149(10): p. 2025-34.
15. Vetter,
G., et al., Nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling
of the beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNA-3-encoded p25 protein. J Gen Virol, 2004. 85(Pt 8): p. 2459-69.
16. Rosa, M.,
et al., Changes in soluble carbohydrates
and related enzymes induced by low temperature during early developmental
stages of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) seedlings. J Plant Physiol, 2004. 161(6): p. 683-9.
17. Takeda,
A., et al., The C terminus of the
movement protein of Brome mosaic virus controls the requirement for coat
protein in cell-to-cell movement and plays a role in long-distance movement.
J Gen Virol, 2004. 85(Pt 6): p. 1751-61.
18. Hsu,
H.T., et al., Biological functions of the
cytoplasmic TGBp1 inclusions of bamboo mosaic potexvirus. Arch Virol, 2004.
149(5): p. 1027-35.
19. Hilal,
M., et al., Epidermal lignin deposition
in quinoa cotyledons in response to UV-B radiations. Photochem Photobiol,
2004. 79(2): p. 205-10.
20. Salanki,
K., et al., Compatibility of the movement
protein and the coat protein of cucumoviruses is required for cell-to-cell
movement. J Gen Virol, 2004. 85(Pt 4): p. 1039-48.
21. Andret-Link,
P., et al., The specific transmission of
Grapevine fanleaf virus by its nematode vector Xiphinema index is solely
determined by the viral coat protein. Virology, 2004. 320(1): p. 12-22.
22. Chagas,
C.M., E.W. Kitajima, and J.C. Rodrigues, Coffee
ringspot virus vectored by Brevipalpus phoenicis (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) in
coffee. Exp Appl Acarol, 2003. 30(1-3):
p. 203-13.
23. Konishi,
Y., et al., Distribution of minerals in
quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) seeds. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 2004. 68(1): p. 231-4.
24. Hema, M.
and C.C. Kao, Template sequence near the
initiation nucleotide can modulate brome mosaic virus RNA accumulation in plant
protoplasts. J Virol, 2004. 78(3):
p. 1169-80.
25. Lin,
M.K., et al., Arg-16 and Arg-21 in the
N-terminal region of the triple-gene-block protein 1 of Bamboo mosaic virus are
essential for virus movement. J Gen
Virol, 2004. 85(Pt 1):
p. 251-9.
26. Drzewiecki,
J., et al., Identification and
differences of total proteins and their soluble fractions in some pseudocereals
based on electrophoretic patterns. J Agric Food Chem, 2003. 51(26): p. 7798-804.
27. Dijkstra,
D.S., A.R. Linnemann, and T.A. van Boekel, Towards
sustainable production of protein-rich foods: appraisal of eight crops for
Western Europe. PART II: Analysis of the technological aspects of the
production chain. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2003. 43(5): p. 481-506.
28. Annamalai,
P., et al., Structural and mutational
analyses of cis-acting sequences in the 5'-untranslated region of satellite RNA
of bamboo mosaic potexvirus. Virology, 2003. 311(1): p. 229-39.
29. Wierzchoslawski,
R., et al., A transcriptionally active
subgenomic promoter supports homologous crossovers in a plus-strand RNA virus.
J Virol, 2003. 77(12): p. 6769-76.
30. Ogungbenle,
H.N., Nutritional evaluation and
functional properties of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) flour. Int J Food Sci
Nutr, 2003. 54(2): p. 153-8.
31. Sasaki,
N., et al., The movement protein gene is
involved in the virus-specific requirement of the coat protein in cell-to-cell
movement of bromoviruses. Arch Virol, 2003. 148(4): p. 803-12.
32. Garcia-Castillo,
S., M.A. Sanchez-Pina, and V. Pallas, Spatio-temporal
analysis of the RNAs, coat and movement (p7) proteins of Carnation mottle virus
in Chenopodium quinoa plants. J Gen
Virol, 2003. 84(Pt 3):
p. 745-9.
33. Valat,
L., et al., Preliminary attempts to
biolistic inoculation of grapevine fanleaf virus. J Virol Methods, 2003. 108(1): p. 29-40.
34. Mangal,
M., et al., Use of meristem tip culture
to eliminate carnation latent virus from carnation plants. Indian J Exp
Biol, 2002. 40(1): p. 119-22.
35. Liang,
X.Z., B.T. Lee, and S.M. Wong, Covariation
in the capsid protein of hibiscus chlorotic ringspot virus induced by serial
passaging in a host that restricts movement leads to avirulence in its systemic
host. J Virol, 2002. 76(23): p.
12320-4.
36. Liang,
X.Z., et al., The p23 protein of hibiscus
chlorotic ringspot virus is indispensable for host-specific replication. J
Virol, 2002. 76(23): p. 12312-9.
37. Linnemann,
A.R. and D.S. Dijkstra, Toward
sustainable production of protein-rich foods: appraisal of eight crops for
Western Europe. Part I. Analysis of the primary links of the production chain.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2002. 42(4):
p. 377-401.
38. Dini, I.,
G.C. Tenore, and A. Dini, Oleanane
saponins in "kancolla", a sweet variety of Chenopodium quinoa. J
Nat Prod, 2002. 65(7): p. 1023-6.
39. Miyanishi,
M., et al., Reassortment between
genetically distinct Japanese and US strains of Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus: RNA1
from a Japanese strain and RNA2 from a US strain make a pseudorecombinant
virus. Arch Virol, 2002. 147(6):
p. 1141-53.
40. Qi, Y.J.,
et al., In vivo accumulation of Broad
bean wilt virus 2 VP37 protein and its ability to bind single-stranded nucleic
acid. Arch Virol, 2002. 147(5):
p. 917-28.
41. Ruales,
J., et al., The nutritional quality of an
infant food from quinoa and its effect on the plasma level of insulin-like
growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in undernourished children. Int J Food Sci Nutr,
2002. 53(2): p. 143-54.
42. Huppert,
E., et al., Heterologous movement protein
strongly modifies the infection phenotype of cucumber mosaic virus. J
Virol, 2002. 76(7): p. 3554-7.
43. Dietrich,
C. and E. Maiss, Red fluorescent protein
DsRed from Discosoma sp. as a reporter protein in higher plants.
Biotechniques, 2002. 32(2): p. 286,
288-90, 292-3.
44. Zhu, N.,
et al., Triterpene saponins from
debittered quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) seeds. J Agric Food Chem, 2002. 50(4): p. 865-7.
45. Blanch,
E.W., et al., Solution structures of
potato virus X and narcissus mosaic virus from Raman optical activity. J Gen Virol, 2002. 83(Pt 1): p. 241-6.
46. Thompson,
J.R., et al., Characterization and
complete nucleotide sequence of Strawberry mottle virus: a tentative member of
a new family of bipartite plant picorna-like viruses. J Gen Virol, 2002. 83(Pt
1): p. 229-39.
47. Danielsen,
S., Heterothallism in Peronospora
farinosa f.sp. chenopodii, the causal agent of downy mildew of quinoa
(Chenopodium quinoa). J Basic
Microbiol, 2001. 41(5): p. 305-8.
48. Lauber,
E., et al., Rapid screening for dominant
negative mutations in the beet necrotic yellow vein virus triple gene block
proteins P13 and P15 using a viral replicon. Transgenic Res, 2001. 10(4): p. 293-302.
49. Dini, I.,
et al., New oleanane saponins in
Chenopodium quinoa. J Agric Food Chem, 2001. 49(8): p. 3976-81.
50. Vives,
M.C., et al., The nucleotide sequence and
genomic organization of Citrus leaf blotch virus: candidate type species for a
new virus genus. Virology, 2001. 287(1):
p. 225-33.
51. Nicolaisen,
M. and S.L. Nielsen, Analysis of the
triple gene block and coat protein sequences of two strains of Kalanchoe latent
carlavirus. Virus Genes, 2001. 22(3): p. 265-70.
52. Naraghi-Arani,
P., S. Daubert, and A. Rowhani, Quasispecies
nature of the genome of Grapevine fanleaf virus. J Gen Virol, 2001. 82(Pt 7): p. 1791-5.
53. Roggero,
P., et al., The expression of a
single-chain Fv antibody fragment in different plant hosts and tissues by using
Potato virus X as a vector. Protein Expr Purif, 2001. 22(1): p. 70-4.
54. Morris,
J., et al., Development of a highly
sensitive nested RT-PCR method for Beet necrotic yellow vein virus detection.
J Virol Methods, 2001. 95(1-2): p.
163-9.
55. Zhu, N.,
et al., Ecdysteroids of quinoa seeds
(Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). J Agric Food Chem, 2001. 49(5): p. 2576-8.
56. Woldemichael,
G.M. and M. Wink, Identification and
biological activities of triterpenoid saponins from Chenopodium quinoa. J
Agric Food Chem, 2001. 49(5): p.
2327-32.
57. Ward,
S.M., A recessive allele inhibiting
saponin synthesis in two lines of Bolivian quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.).
J Hered, 2001. 92(1): p. 83-6.
58. Olsen,
B.S. and I.E. Johansen, Nucleotide
sequence and infectious cDNA clone of the L1 isolate of Pea seed-borne mosaic
potyvirus. Arch Virol, 2001. 146(1):
p. 15-25.
59. Dini, I.,
et al., Studies on the constituents of
Chenopodium quinoa seeds: isolation and characterization of new triterpene
saponins. J Agric Food Chem, 2001. 49(2):
p. 741-6.
60. Roggero,
P., et al., An Ophiovirus isolated from
lettuce with big-vein symptoms. Arch Virol, 2000. 145(12): p. 2629-42.
61. Hurrell,
R.F., et al., An evaluation of EDTA
compounds for iron fortification of cereal-based foods. Br J Nutr, 2000. 84(6): p. 903-10.
62. Liou,
D.Y., et al., Functional analyses and
identification of two arginine residues essential to the ATP-utilizing activity
of the triple gene block protein 1 of bamboo mosaic potexvirus. Virology,
2000. 277(2): p. 336-44.
63. Lee,
Y.S., Y.H. Hsu, and N.S. Lin, Generation
of subgenomic RNA directed by a satellite RNA associated with bamboo mosaic
potexvirus: analyses of potexvirus subgenomic RNA promoter. J Virol, 2000. 74(22): p. 10341-8.
64. Qi, Y.,
X. Zhou, and D. Li, Complete nucleotide
sequence and infectious cDNA clone of the RNA1 of a Chinese isolate of broad
bean wilt virus 2. Virus Genes, 2000. 20(3): p. 201-7.
65. Satoh,
H., et al., Intracellular distribution,
cell-to-cell trafficking and tubule-inducing activity of the 50 kDa movement
protein of Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus fused to green fluorescent protein.
J Gen Virol, 2000. 81(Pt 8): p. 2085-93.
66. Erhardt,
M., et al., P42 movement protein of Beet
necrotic yellow vein virus is targeted by the movement proteins P13 and P15 to
punctate bodies associated with plasmodesmata. Mol Plant Microbe Interact,
2000. 13(5): p. 520-8.
67. Choi,
Y.G., G.L. Grantham, and A.L. Rao, Molecular
studies on bromovirus capsid protein. Virology, 2000. 270(2): p. 377-85.
68. Oshodi, A.A.,
H.N. Ogungbenle, and M.O. Oladimeji, Chemical
composition, nutritionally valuable minerals and functional properties of
benniseed (Sesamum radiatum), pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides) and quinoa
(Chenopodium quinoa) flours. Int J Food Sci Nutr, 1999. 50(5): p. 325-31.
69. Koenig,
R., Deletions in the KTER-encoding
domain, which is needed for Polymyxa transmission, in manually transmitted
isolates of Beet necrotic yellow vein benyvirus. Arch Virol, 2000. 145(1): p. 165-70.
70. Yoshikawa,
N., et al., Apple chlorotic leaf spot
virus 50 kDa protein is targeted to plasmodesmata and accumulates in sieve
elements in transgenic plant leaves. Arch Virol, 1999. 144(12): p. 2475-83.
71. Li, C.,
et al., Nucleotide sequence and genome
organization of apple latent spherical virus: a new virus classified into the
family Comoviridae. J Gen
Virol, 2000. 81(Pt 2):
p. 541-7.
72. Valencia,
S., et al., Processing of quinoa
(Chenopodium quinoa, Willd): effects on in vitro iron availability and phytate
hydrolysis. Int J Food Sci Nutr, 1999. 50(3):
p. 203-11.
73. Nagano,
H., et al., The cognate coat protein is
required for cell-to-cell movement of a chimeric brome mosaic virus mediated by
the cucumber mosaic virus movement protein. Virology, 1999. 265(2): p. 226-34.
74. James,
D., A simple and reliable protocol for
the detection of apple stem grooving virus by RT-PCR and in a multiplex PCR
assay. J Virol Methods, 1999. 83(1-2):
p. 1-9.
75. Lauber,
E., et al., Effects of structural
modifications upon the accumulation in planta of replicons derived from beet
necrotic yellow vein virus RNA 3. Arch Virol, 1999. 144(6): p. 1201-8.
76. Osman,
F., I. Schmitz, and A.L. Rao, Effect of
C-terminal deletions in the movement protein of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus
on cell-to-cell and long-distance movement. J Gen Virol, 1999. 80 ( Pt 6): p. 1357-65.
77. Belin,
C., et al., The nine C-terminal residues
of the grapevine fanleaf nepovirus movement protein are critical for systemic
virus spread. J Gen Virol, 1999. 80 ( Pt
6): p. 1347-56.
78. Marcos,
J.F., et al., In vivo detection,
RNA-binding properties and characterization of the RNA-binding domain of the p7
putative movement protein from carnation mottle carmovirus (CarMV).
Virology, 1999. 255(2): p. 354-65.
79. Huang,
C.Y. and C.H. Tsai, Evolution of bamboo
mosaic virus in a nonsystemic host results in mutations in the helicase-like
domain that cause reduced RNA accumulation. Virus Res, 1998. 58(1-2): p. 127-36.
80. Kubelkova,
D. and J. Spak, Transmission of raspberry
bushy dwarf virus by seed of Chenopodium quinoa. Acta
Virol, 1998. 42(3): p. 195-6.
81. Osman,
F., et al., Molecular studies on
bromovirus capsid protein. Virology, 1998. 251(2): p. 438-48.
82. Figlerowicz,
M., et al., Mutations in the N terminus
of the brome mosaic virus polymerase affect genetic RNA-RNA recombination.
J Virol, 1998. 72(11): p. 9192-200.
83. Sanchez,
F., et al., Infectivity of turnip mosaic
potyvirus cDNA clones and transcripts on the systemic host Arabidopsis thaliana
and local lesion hosts. Virus Res, 1998. 55(2): p. 207-19.
84. He, X.,
et al., Serological characterization of
the 3'-proximal encoded proteins of beet yellows closterovirus. Arch Virol,
1998. 143(7): p. 1349-63.
85. Schmitz,
I. and A.L. Rao, Deletions in the
conserved amino-terminal basic arm of cucumber mosaic virus coat protein
disrupt virion assembly but do not abolish infectivity and cell-to-cell
movement. Virology, 1998. 248(2):
p. 323-31.
86. Herzog,
E., et al., Identification of genes
involved in replication and movement of peanut clump virus. Virology, 1998.
248(2): p. 312-22.
87. Koenig,
R., et al., Genome properties of beet
virus Q, a new furo-like virus from sugarbeet, determined from unpurified
virus. J Gen Virol, 1998. 79 ( Pt
8): p. 2027-36.
88. Estrada,
A., B. Li, and B. Laarveld, Adjuvant
action of Chenopodium quinoa saponins on the induction of antibody responses to
intragastric and intranasal administered antigens in mice. Comp Immunol
Microbiol Infect Dis, 1998. 21(3):
p. 225-36.
89. Lauber,
E., et al., Cell-to-cell movement of beet
necrotic yellow vein virus: I. Heterologous complementation experiments provide
evidence for specific interactions among the triple gene block proteins.
Mol Plant Microbe Interact, 1998. 11(7):
p. 618-25.
90. Ayliffe,
M.A., N.S. Scott, and J.N. Timmis, Analysis
of plastid DNA-like sequences within the nuclear genomes of higher plants. Mol Biol Evol, 1998. 15(6): p. 738-45.
91. Agranovsky,
A.A., et al., Beet yellows closterovirus
HSP70-like protein mediates the cell-to-cell movement of a potexvirus
transport-deficient mutant and a hordeivirus-based chimeric virus. J Gen Virol, 1998. 79 ( Pt 4): p. 889-95.
92. Andersen,
K. and I.E. Johansen, A single conserved
amino acid in the coat protein gene of pea seed-borne mosaic potyvirus modulates
the ability of the virus to move systemically in Chenopodium quinoa.
Virology, 1998. 241(2): p. 304-11.
93. Osman,
F., G.L. Grantham, and A.L. Rao, Molecular
studies on bromovirus capsid protein. IV. Coat protein exchanges between brome
mosaic and cowpea chlorotic mottle viruses exhibit neutral effects in
heterologous hosts. Virology, 1997. 238(2):
p. 452-9.
94. Lintschinger,
J., et al., Uptake of various trace
elements during germination of wheat, buckwheat and quinoa. Plant Foods Hum
Nutr, 1997. 50(3): p. 223-37.
95. Scholthof,
H.B. and A.O. Jackson, The enigma of pX:
A host-dependent cis-acting element with variable effects on tombusvirus RNA
accumulation. Virology, 1997. 237(1):
p. 56-65.
96. Lamprecht,
S. and W. Jelkmann, Infectious cDNA clone
used to identify strawberry mild yellow edge-associated potexvirus as causal
agent of the disease. J Gen
Virol, 1997. 78 ( Pt 9): p. 2347-53.
97. Rao,
A.L., Molecular studies on bromovirus capsid
protein. III. Analysis of cell-to-cell movement competence of coat protein
defective variants of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus. Virology, 1997. 232(2): p. 385-95.
98. Nagano,
H., et al., Deletion of the C-terminal 33
amino acids of cucumber mosaic virus movement protein enables a chimeric brome
mosaic virus to move from cell to cell. J Virol, 1997. 71(3): p. 2270-6.
99. Broadley,
M.R. and N.J. Willey, Differences in root
uptake of radiocaesium by 30 plant taxa. Environ Pollut, 1997. 97(1-2): p. 11-5.
100. Brinegar,
C., The seed storage proteins of quinoa.
Adv Exp Med Biol, 1997. 415: p.
109-15.
101. Rao, A.L.
and G.L. Grantham, Molecular studies on
bromovirus capsid protein. II. Functional analysis of the amino-terminal
arginine-rich motif and its role in encapsidation, movement, and pathology.
Virology, 1996. 226(2): p. 294-305.
102. Schmitz,
I. and A.L. Rao, Molecular studies on
bromovirus capsid protein. I. Characterization of cell-to-cell
movement-defective RNA3 variants of brome mosaic virus. Virology, 1996. 226(2): p. 281-93.
103. Johansen,
I.E., et al., Biological and molecular
properties of a pathotype P-1 and a pathotype P-4 isolate of pea seed-borne
mosaic virus. J Gen Virol, 1996. 77 ( Pt
6): p. 1329-33.
104. Lin,
N.S., et al., The open reading frame of
bamboo mosaic potexvirus satellite RNA is not essential for its replication and
can be replaced with a bacterial gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1996. 93(7): p. 3138-42.
105. Li, Y.,
et al., Immunodetection of beet necrotic
yellow vein virus RNA3-encoded protein in different host plants and tissues.
Acta Virol, 1996. 40(2): p.
67-72.
106. Rouleau,
M., et al., Subcellular
immunolocalization of the coat protein of two potexviruses in infected
Chenopodium quinoa. Virology, 1995. 214(1):
p. 314-8.
107. Oncino,
C., O. Hemmer, and C. Fritsch, Specificity
in the association of tomato black ring virus satellite RNA with helper virus.
Virology, 1995. 213(1): p. 87-96.
108. Ohira,
K., et al., Complete sequence of an
infectious full-length cDNA clone of citrus tatter leaf capillovirus:
comparative sequence analysis of capillovirus genomes. J Gen Virol, 1995. 76 ( Pt 9): p. 2305-9.
109. Rao, A.L.
and G.L. Grantham, Biological
significance of the seven amino-terminal basic residues of brome mosaic virus
coat protein. Virology, 1995. 211(1):
p. 42-52.
110. Brooks,
M. and G. Bruening, A subgenomic RNA
associated with cherry leafroll virus infections. Virology, 1995. 211(1): p. 33-41.
111. Henry,
C.M., et al., Detection of beet necrotic
yellow vein virus using reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction.
J Virol Methods, 1995. 54(1): p.
15-28.
112. Hehn, A.,
et al., The small cysteine-rich protein
P14 of beet necrotic yellow vein virus regulates accumulation of RNA 2 in cis
and coat protein in trans. Virology, 1995. 210(1): p. 73-81.
113. Sato, K.,
et al., Expression, subcellular location
and modification of the 50 kDa protein encoded by ORF2 of the apple chlorotic
leaf spot trichovirus genome. J Gen
Virol, 1995. 76 ( Pt 6): p. 1503-7.
114. Ritzenthaler,
C., M. Pinck, and L. Pinck, Grapevine
fanleaf nepovirus P38 putative movement protein is not transiently expressed
and is a stable final maturation product in vivo. J Gen Virol, 1995. 76 ( Pt 4): p. 907-15.
115. Haeberle,
A.M. and C. Stussi-Garaud, In situ
localization of the non-structural protein P25 encoded by beet necrotic yellow
vein virus RNA 3. J Gen Virol, 1995. 76 ( Pt
3): p. 643-50.
116. Lawrence,
D.M., M.N. Rozanov, and B.I. Hillman, Autocatalytic
processing of the 223-kDa protein of blueberry scorch carlavirus by a
papain-like proteinase. Virology, 1995. 207(1): p. 127-35.
117. Etscheid,
M., M.E. Tousignant, and J.M. Kaper, Small
satellite of arabis mosaic virus: autolytic processing of in vitro transcripts
of (+) and (-) polarity and infectivity of (+) strand transcripts. J Gen Virol, 1995. 76 ( Pt 2): p. 271-82.
118. Rao, A.L.
and G.L. Grantham, Amplification in vivo
of brome mosaic virus RNAs bearing 3' noncoding region from cucumber mosaic
virus. Virology, 1994. 204(1):
p. 478-81.
119. Rouleau,
M., et al., Purification, properties, and
subcellular localization of foxtail mosaic potexvirus 26-kDa protein.
Virology, 1994. 204(1): p. 254-65.
120. Lawrence,
D.M. and B.I. Hillman, Synthesis of
infectious transcripts of blueberry scorch carlavirus in vitro. J Gen Virol, 1994. 75 ( Pt 9): p. 2509-12.
121. Lin, N.S.
and Y.H. Hsu, A satellite RNA associated
with bamboo mosaic potexvirus. Virology, 1994. 202(2): p. 707-14.
122. Ruales,
J. and B.M. Nair, Properties of starch
and dietary fibre in raw and processed quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa, Willd)
seeds. Plant Foods Hum Nutr, 1994. 45(3):
p. 223-46.
123. Hehn, A.,
et al., Artificial defective interfering
RNAs derived from RNA 2 of beet necrotic yellow vein virus. Arch Virol,
1994. 135(1-2): p. 143-51.
124. Rouleau,
M., J.B. Bancroft, and G.A. Mackie, Partial
purification and characterization of foxtail mosaic potexvirus RNA-dependent
RNA polymerase. Virology, 1993. 197(2):
p. 695-703.
125. Reutenauer,
A., et al., Identification of beet
western yellows luteovirus genes implicated in viral replication and particle
morphogenesis. Virology, 1993. 195(2):
p. 692-9.
126. Liu, Y.Y.
and J.I. Cooper, The multiplication in
plants of arabis mosaic virus satellite RNA requires the encoded protein. J Gen Virol, 1993. 74 ( Pt 7): p. 1471-4.
127. Hemmer,
O., C. Oncino, and C. Fritsch, Efficient
replication of the in vitro transcripts from cloned cDNA of tomato black ring
virus satellite RNA requires the 48K satellite RNA-encoded protein.
Virology, 1993. 194(2): p. 800-6.
128. Viry, M.,
et al., Biologically active transcripts
from cloned cDNA of genomic grapevine fanleaf nepovirus RNAs. J Gen Virol, 1993. 74
( Pt 2): p. 169-74.
129. Moser, O.,
et al., Immunodetection of grapevine
fanleaf virus satellite RNA-encoded protein in infected Chenopodium quinoa.
J Gen Virol, 1992. 73 ( Pt 11): p. 3033-8.
130. Hans, F.,
M. Fuchs, and L. Pinck, Replication of
grapevine fanleaf virus satellite RNA transcripts in Chenopodium quinoa
protoplasts. J Gen Virol, 1992. 73 ( Pt
10): p. 2517-23.
131. Gilmer,
D., et al., cis-active sequences near the
5'-termini of beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNAs 3 and 4. Virology, 1992.
190(1): p. 55-67.
132. Ruales,
J. and B.M. Nair, Quinoa (Chenopodium
quinoa willd) an important Andean food crop. Arch Latinoam Nutr, 1992. 42(3): p. 232-41.
133. Oxelfelt,
P., et al., Identification and
characterization of pseudo-recombinants of red clover mottle comovirus. J Gen Virol, 1992. 73 ( Pt 8): p. 2121-4.
134. Hibrand,
L., et al., Immunodetection of the
proteins encoded by grapevine chrome mosaic nepovirus RNA2. J Gen Virol, 1992. 73 ( Pt 8): p. 2093-8.
135. Demangeat,
G., et al., Virus-specific proteins in
cells infected with tomato black ring nepovirus: evidence for proteolytic
processing in vivo. J Gen
Virol, 1992. 73 ( Pt 7): p. 1609-14.
136. Gilmer,
D., et al., Efficient cell-to-cell
movement of beet necrotic yellow vein virus requires 3' proximal genes located
on RNA 2. Virology, 1992. 189(1):
p. 40-7.
137. Weber,
H., P. Haeckel, and A.J. Pfitzner, A cDNA
clone of tomato mosaic virus is infectious in plants. J Virol, 1992. 66(6): p. 3909-12.
138. Hutchinson,
P.J., C.M. Henry, and R.H. Coutts, A
comparison, using dsRNA analysis, between beet soil-borne virus and some other
tubular viruses isolated from sugar beet. J Gen Virol, 1992. 73 ( Pt 5): p. 1317-20.
139. Konishi,
Y., et al., A pitfall in determining the
globulin/albumin ratio in amaranth grains. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo),
1992. 38(2): p. 215-20.
140. Maiss,
E., et al., Infectious in vivo
transcripts of a plum pox potyvirus full-length cDNA clone containing the
cauliflower mosaic virus 35S RNA promoter. J Gen Virol, 1992. 73 ( Pt 3): p. 709-13.
141. Veidt,
I., et al., Synthesis of full-length
transcripts of beet western yellows virus RNA: messenger properties and
biological activity in protoplasts. Virology, 1992. 186(1): p. 192-200.
142. Ruales,
J. and B.M. Nair, Nutritional quality of
the protein in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa, Willd) seeds. Plant Foods Hum
Nutr, 1992. 42(1): p. 1-11.
143. Hajimorad,
M.R., et al., Change in phenotype and
encapsidated RNA segments of an isolate of alfalfa mosaic virus: an influence
of host passage. J Gen Virol, 1991. 72 ( Pt
12): p. 2885-93.
144. Liu,
Y.Y., et al., Biologically active
transcripts of a large satellite RNA from arabis mosaic nepovirus and the
importance of 5' end sequences for its replication. J Gen Virol, 1991. 72 ( Pt 12): p. 2867-74.
145. Osman,
T.A., et al., A spontaneous red clover
necrotic mosaic virus mutant with a truncated movement protein. J Gen Virol, 1991. 72 ( Pt 8): p. 1793-800.
146. Garcia,
M.L., O. Grau, and A.N. Sarachu, Citrus
psorosis is probably caused by a bipartite ssRNA virus. Res
Virol, 1991. 142(4): p. 303-11.
147. Bouzoubaa,
S., et al., Shortened forms of beet necrotic
yellow vein virus RNA-3 and -4: internal deletions and a subgenomic RNA. J Gen Virol, 1991. 72 ( Pt 2): p. 259-66.
148. Jupin,
I., et al., Multiplication of beet
necrotic yellow vein virus RNA 3 lacking a 3' poly(A) tail is accompanied by
reappearance of the poly(A) tail and a novel short U-rich tract preceding it.
Virology, 1990. 178(1): p. 281-4.
149. Niesbach-Klosgen,
U., et al., Immunodetection in vivo of
beet necrotic yellow vein virus-encoded proteins. Virology, 1990. 178(1): p. 52-61.
150. Greif,
C., et al., In vitro synthesis of
biologically active transcripts of tomato black ring virus satellite RNA. J Gen Virol, 1990. 71
( Pt 4): p. 907-15.
151. De Simone,
F., et al., Two flavonol glycosides from
Chenopodium quinoa. Phytochemistry, 1990. 29(11): p. 3690-2.
152. Gonzalez,
J.A., et al., Quantitative determinations
of chemical compounds with nutritional value from Inca crops: Chenopodium
quinoa ('quinoa'). Plant
Foods Hum Nutr, 1989. 39(4): p.
331-7.
153. Quillet,
L., et al., In vitro synthesis of
biologically active beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNA. Virology, 1989. 172(1): p. 293-301.
154. Ma, W.W.,
P.F. Heinstein, and J.L. McLaughlin, Additional
toxic, bitter saponins from the seeds of Chenopodium quinoa. J Nat Prod,
1989. 52(5): p. 1132-5.
155. Kaper,
J.M., M.E. Tousignant, and M.T. Steen, Cucumber
mosaic virus-associated RNA 5. XI. Comparison of 14 CARNA 5 variants relates
ability to induce tomato necrosis to a conserved nucleotide sequence.
Virology, 1988. 163(2): p. 284-92.
156. Penafiel,
C.C. and L. Diaz Villar, [Spectrophotometric
determination of oleanolic acid and saponins from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa
Willd, Kancolla variety)]. Arch Latinoam Nutr, 1988. 38(1): p. 113-31.
157. Lemaire,
O., et al., Effect of beet necrotic
yellow vein virus RNA composition on transmission by Polymyxa betae.
Virology, 1988. 162(1): p. 232-5.
158. Russo,
M., A. Di Franco, and G.P. Martelli, Cytopathology
in the identification and classification of tombusviruses. Intervirology,
1987. 28(3): p. 134-43.
159. Romero,
A., A. Bacigalupo, and R. Bressani, [Effect
of the extrusion process on the functional characteristics and protein quality
of quinua (Chenopodium quinoa, Willd)]. Arch Latinoam Nutr, 1985. 35(1): p. 148-62.
160. Lopez de
Romana, G., et al., [Digestibility and
protein quality of quinua: comparative study of quinua (Chenopodium Quinoa)
seed and flour in children]. Arch Latinoam Nutr, 1981. 31(3): p. 485-97.
161. Telleria
Rios, M.L., V.C. Sgarbieri, and J. Amaya, [Chemical
and biological evaluation of quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd). Effect of the
extraction of saponins by heat treatment]. Arch Latinoam Nutr, 1978. 28(3): p. 253-63.
162. Oxelfelt,
P. and M. Abdelmoeti, Genetic
complementation between natural strains of red clover mottle virus. Intervirology,
1978. 10(2): p. 78-86.
163. Wilson,
H.D., Genetic control and distribution of
leucine aminopeptidase in the cultivated chenopods (Chenopodium) and related
weed taxa. Biochem Genet, 1976. 14(11-12): p. 913-9.
164. Martelli,
G.P. and M. Russo, Electron microscopy of
artichoke mottled crinkle virus in leaves of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. J
Ultrastruct Res, 1973. 42(1): p.
93-107.
165. Pena-Iglesias,
A. and M. Rubio-Huertos, [Ultrastructure
of Chenopodium quinoa wild leaves infected with infectious short Entrenudo
virus of the grapevine]. Microbiol Esp, 1971. 24(3): p. 183-91.
166. Kim,
K.S., Subcellular responses to localized
infection of Chenopodium quinoa by pokeweed mosaic virus. Virology, 1970. 41(1): p. 179-83.
167. Chiriboga,
J. and D. Velasquez, [Chromatographic
analysis of the amino acids of quinoa & the quantitative study of them in
the 6 more important varieties consumed in Peru.]. An Fac Med Lima, 1957. 40(2): p. 489-503.